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Strategy & Technical Analysis

What is technical analysis and does it work? Which indicators matter? Clear answers on strategy, backtesting, and chart analysis.

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Laptop showing a candlestick chart with technical indicators, next to books on technical analysis and trading strategies and a notebook listing trend and backtesting

Where the real performance gaps actually sit

Strategy and technical analysis represent the part of trading that most people spend the most time on, and, frequently, where the real gaps in performance sit. The challenge isn't usually that a trader doesn't know what a moving average is or what a head-and-shoulders pattern looks like. It's that they haven't built a strategy with genuinely defined entry criteria, a tested edge, and position sizing rules that survive a losing streak without depleting their capital.

Technical analysis is a lens, not a prediction machine

Technical analysis is a lens for interpreting price behaviour, not a prediction machine. The same indicator produces different outcomes in different market conditions, which is why traders who memorise patterns without understanding the underlying market structure they're supposed to reflect tend to plateau at the same level of inconsistency. The questions in this section are written for traders who have moved past the basics and are working through the harder problems: how to develop a strategy that holds up across different market conditions, how to evaluate whether an edge is real or a product of selective memory, and how to execute consistently when the market is actively testing your discipline.

Timing and instrument considerations for SA traders

For South African traders, there are specific timing and instrument considerations that shape which strategies are practical. The London-New York session overlap from approximately 15:00 to 17:00 SAST offers the most reliable liquidity on major forex pairs. The rand's known sensitivity to domestic political and economic events creates recurring volatility patterns on USD/ZAR that differ from the relatively smooth trending behaviour of major cross-currency pairs.

Technical Analysis Fundamentals

Technical Analysis

What Is Technical Analysis and Does It Actually Work?

Technical analysis studies price charts to predict future movement.

Indicators

Which Technical Indicators Do South African Traders Rely On?

Moving averages, RSI, and MACD are among the most commonly used indicators.

Fundamental Analysis

What's the Difference Between Fundamental and Technical Analysis?

Fundamental analysis studies economic data and value; technical analysis studies price charts and patterns.

Technical Analysis

What Is Support and Resistance and How Do I Identify It?

Support and resistance are price levels where buying or selling pressure has historically paused or reversed movement.

Technical Analysis

What Are Candlestick Patterns and Do They Work?

Candlestick patterns visually summarise price action over a period, with some patterns showing modest statistical edge.

Technical Analysis

What Is the Difference Between a Leading and Lagging Indicator?

Leading indicators attempt to predict future price movement, while lagging indicators confirm trends already underway, each with distinct trade-offs..

Technical Analysis

What Is Price Action Trading and How Does It Differ From Indicator-Based Trading?

Price action trading analyses raw price movement and chart patterns directly, without relying primarily on calculated technical indicators for decision-making..

Building a Trading Strategy

Strategy

What Is a Trading Strategy and Do I Need One?

A trading strategy is a defined set of rules for entries, exits, and risk management.

Strategy

What Is a Trading Plan and How Is It Different From a Strategy?

A trading plan covers your broader goals, capital, and rules, while a strategy is the specific entry and exit logic within that plan.

Strategy

What Is a Trading Edge and How Do I Know If I Have One?

A trading edge is a demonstrable, statistical tendency for your strategy to profit over a large sample of trades.

Strategy

What Is a Trading System and How Is It Different From a Strategy?

A trading system is the complete, precisely defined set of rules covering entry, exit, and money management, often implying greater mechanical rigidity than a strategy..

Strategy

What Is a Trading Checklist and Should I Use One?

A trading checklist formalises your strategy's entry criteria into a step-by-step list, reducing the chance of impulsive trades that skip important steps..

Strategy

What Is a Trading Playbook and How Do I Build One?

A trading playbook documents your specific, recognised setups with predetermined entry, exit, and risk criteria for each, supporting consistent execution..

Strategy

What Is a Trading Thesis and How Do I Write One?

A trading thesis articulates your specific reasoning for a trade in writing, supporting clearer analysis and more honest post-trade review of your decisions..

Backtesting & Strategy Validation

Backtesting

What Is Backtesting and How Do I Do It?

Backtesting tests a strategy against historical price data before risking real money.

Strategy

What Is Overfitting and How Do I Avoid It in Backtesting?

Overfitting occurs when a strategy is excessively tuned to historical data, performing impressively in backtests but poorly on genuinely new, unseen data..

Strategy

What Is a Trading Strategy Walk-Forward Test and Why Does It Matter?

Walk-forward testing validates a strategy on data sequentially after optimisation, providing a more realistic check against overfitting than backtesting alone..

Strategy

What Is a Trading Strategy Degradation Test and Why Run One?

This test deliberately introduces small parameter changes to check how sensitive a strategy's results are, revealing genuine robustness versus fragile overfitting..

Strategy

What Is Trading Edge Decay and How Do I Recognise It?

Edge decay occurs when a previously profitable strategy gradually stops working as market conditions evolve, distinct from normal short-term statistical variance..

Chart Patterns & Indicators

Technical Analysis

What Is MACD and How Do Traders Use It?

MACD tracks the relationship between two moving averages to gauge momentum.

Technical Analysis

What Is a Golden Cross and Death Cross in Trading?

Moving average crossover signals widely watched as indicators of major trend shifts.

Technical Analysis

What Is RSI and How Do Traders Use It?

RSI measures the speed and magnitude of recent price moves to identify overbought and oversold conditions.

Technical Analysis

Why USD/ZAR Keeps Testing R17

Round numbers attract outsized market attention. Why psychological levels matter for USD/ZAR right now.

Technical Analysis

What Is a Fibonacci Retracement and Do Traders Actually Use It?

Fibonacci retracement levels identify potential support and resistance based on mathematical ratios, widely used though with the same mixed evidence as other tools..

Strategy

What Is Divergence and How Do Traders Use It?

Divergence occurs when price and an indicator move in opposite directions, sometimes signalling weakening momentum and a potential upcoming reversal..

Strategy

What Is the Difference Between a Breakout and a Fakeout?

A genuine breakout sustains momentum beyond a key level, while a fakeout briefly breaches the level before reversing, often trapping early entrants..

Strategy

What Is a False Breakout Filter and How Does It Work?

A breakout filter adds confirming criteria like volume or candle close requirements, reducing exposure to the fakeouts discussed elsewhere at the cost of speed..

Technical Analysis

What Is the Elliott Wave Theory and Is It Worth Learning?

Elliott Wave Theory proposes markets move in repeating wave patterns, a genuinely complex, subjective framework with mixed evidence supporting its predictive reliability..

Technical Analysis

What Is the Ichimoku Cloud and Is It Worth Learning?

The Ichimoku Cloud combines several components into one indicator showing trend, momentum, and support and resistance, though it has a genuine learning curve..

Technical Analysis

What Is the Difference Between a Trend Line and a Channel?

A trend line connects price points along one direction, while a channel adds a second, parallel line creating bounded zones traders watch for entries and exits..

Analysis Approaches & Timeframes

Guide

What Is Algorithmic Trading and Can South Africans Use Trading Bots?

Algo trading uses coded rules to trade automatically. Learn about EAs, trading bots, AI trading, VPS and load shedding for SA traders.

Technical Analysis

Should I Follow Multiple Timeframes When Analysing a Trade?

Yes, multi-timeframe analysis combines the broader context of higher timeframes with the precision of lower ones for more informed trading decisions..

Technical Analysis

What Is Multiple Time Frame Confluence and How Do I Use It?

Confluence occurs when signals from different timeframes align, providing stronger confirmation than any single timeframe's signal considered in isolation..

Strategy

What Is the Difference Between Trend-Following and Mean Reversion?

Trend-following bets on continuation of existing price direction, while mean reversion bets on price returning toward an average after becoming overextended..

Strategy

What Is the Difference Between Discretionary and Systematic Trading?

Systematic trading follows precisely defined, mechanical rules, while discretionary trading involves human judgement applied within a broader framework..

Strategy

What Is News Trading and How Is It Different From Technical Trading?

News trading specifically targets price movement around scheduled announcements, requiring different skills and risk management than chart-based technical trading..

Strategy

What Is the Difference Between Leading and Coincident Economic Indicators?

Leading economic indicators anticipate future activity while coincident indicators reflect current conditions, complementing the technical indicator distinction discussed elsewhere..

Trade Management & Execution

Risk Management

What Is a Trailing Stop-Loss and How Does It Work?

A trailing stop-loss automatically follows price in your favour, locking in gains as trends extend.

Strategy

What Is a Trading Strategy's Win Rate and How Important Is It?

Win rate measures the percentage of profitable trades, but matters only in combination with risk-reward ratio for genuinely assessing overall profitability..

Strategy

How Do I Know When to Exit a Winning Trade Early?

Predetermined partial-exit rules or trailing stop adjustments support disciplined early profit-taking without abandoning your original strategy criteria reactively..